Learn About DEXA Scan Preparation Steps
What Is a DEXA Scan and Why Doctors Order It
A DEXA scan, also called dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, is a medical imaging test that measures bone mineral density. The test uses two different x-ray beams at low energy levels to create a picture of your bones and determine how dense they are. Unlike regular x-rays that show the structure of bones, a DEXA scan provides specific numbers about bone strength and quality.
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Doctors order DEXA scans for several reasons. The most common reason is to screen for osteoporosis, a condition where bones become weak and fragile over time. According to the National Osteoporosis Foundation, approximately 10 million Americans have osteoporosis, and another 44 million have low bone density that increases fracture risk. A DEXA scan helps doctors understand your personal bone health and determine if you face higher risks for breaks and fractures.
The test is also used to monitor bone density changes over time, especially for people taking medications that affect bone health or those with conditions that impact bone strength. Some doctors order DEXA scans before starting certain treatments to establish a baseline measurement. Healthcare providers also use these scans to assess bone loss in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, kidney disease, or hormonal conditions affecting bone metabolism.
The scan takes about 10 to 30 minutes depending on which bones are being measured. Most commonly, doctors scan the hip, spine, and sometimes the forearm. The procedure is painless and non-invasive, meaning nothing enters your body and you experience no discomfort during the test.
Practical Takeaway: Understanding why your doctor ordered a DEXA scan helps you prepare mentally and physically. Ask your healthcare provider which bones will be scanned and why, so you know what to expect during the appointment.
Scheduling and Basic Pre-Appointment Information
Once your doctor orders a DEXA scan, you will need to contact an imaging center, hospital, or radiology facility to schedule your appointment. Call the facility where your doctor referred you, or ask your doctor's office to help you find a location. When you call to schedule, have your doctor's prescription and insurance information ready.
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The scheduling staff will ask you several questions to ensure they book the right type of scan. They will want to know your age, whether you are pregnant or possibly pregnant, and whether you have had any recent nuclear medicine scans or injections with contrast dye. These details matter because they affect how the facility prepares for your scan and which machines they use.
Most facilities can schedule appointments within one to two weeks. However, availability varies by location. Ask about appointment times when you call, and let the scheduler know if you have mobility challenges, pain conditions, or anxiety about medical procedures. Some facilities offer morning appointments before the facility gets busy, which can mean shorter wait times.
When the facility confirms your appointment, ask specifically about arrival time. Typically, you should arrive 10 to 15 minutes early to check in and complete any remaining paperwork. The facility will provide you with directions and parking information. Many imaging centers now send appointment reminders via email or text message, so ask if this option is available.
Bring your insurance card and photo identification to your appointment. If you have not visited this facility before, you may need to complete registration forms, though many centers now allow you to fill these out online before your appointment day. Ask if online pre-registration is an option.
Practical Takeaway: When scheduling your DEXA scan, write down the date, time, location, and parking information. Ask about arrival time and what to bring so you can prepare accordingly and arrive with plenty of time to spare.
What to Wear and What to Remove Before the Scan
Clothing choice matters for a DEXA scan because metal objects and certain materials interfere with x-ray imaging. Wear comfortable, loose-fitting clothes that you can change out of or adjust easily. The best options include sweatpants, loose jeans, or athletic wear. Avoid clothes with zippers, metal buttons, or metal snaps if possible, since you may be able to keep your clothes on during the scan depending on which bones are being measured.
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You will need to remove all metal jewelry and accessories before or during the scan. This includes rings, necklaces, bracelets, watches, and earrings. Metal objects create shadows on the x-ray images and can distort the bone density measurements. If you have a permanent metal implant like a pacemaker, artificial joint, or metal plate from surgery, tell the technician during check-in. These items do not prevent you from having a DEXA scan, but the technician needs to know about them to position you correctly and potentially skip scanning that specific area.
Wear comfortable shoes that are easy to remove and put back on. You will likely need to take off your shoes when you lie on the scanning table. If you wear orthotics or shoe inserts, ask the technician whether you should remove these as well. Some facilities ask you to remove your shoes and socks, so wearing socks without holes is a good idea.
Avoid wearing undergarments with metal support wires or clasps. A basic cotton bra without underwire works best if you wear one, though some facilities ask women to change into a hospital gown for hip and spine scans. Ask when you schedule your appointment whether you will need to change into a gown, so you can dress accordingly.
If you wear a medical alert bracelet or religious medal on a chain, inform the technician. Often these can be temporarily removed or positioned out of the scan area. Never try to hide metal items or assume they will not interfere; tell the technician about anything metal on your body.
Practical Takeaway: Dress in loose, comfortable clothing without metal zippers or buttons. Plan to remove all jewelry, and wear shoes that slip on and off easily. Arriving in scan-ready clothing speeds up your appointment and reduces delays.
Medications and Food: What to Take and What to Avoid
One of the most important preparation steps is understanding medication guidelines before your DEXA scan. In general, you may continue taking all your regular medications as prescribed. There are no common medications that must be stopped before a DEXA scan. However, inform the technician about all medications you take, especially calcium supplements, vitamin D supplements, or medications containing bismuth, barium, or other heavy metals, as these can affect bone density readings if taken very shortly before the scan.
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The timing of calcium and vitamin D supplements matters. If you regularly take these supplements, continue taking them according to your normal schedule. There is no need to stop them or skip doses before your scan. However, if you take calcium supplements, avoid taking them within two hours before your appointment. Calcium supplements can show up on the scan if taken too close to the test time, potentially affecting accuracy. If you typically take your calcium supplement in the morning and your appointment is in the afternoon, you can take it as usual. If your appointment is early morning, skip the morning dose and take it after your scan.
Regarding food and drink, you may eat and drink normally before your DEXA scan. There are no fasting requirements like those for blood tests or some other imaging procedures. Eat a regular breakfast if your appointment is in the morning, or have a normal lunch if your appointment is in the afternoon. Staying hydrated is fine; drink water as you normally would.
Avoid scheduling your DEXA scan within one week after receiving a contrast injection for another imaging test, such as a CT scan or nuclear medicine scan. These contrast agents can interfere with DEXA scan results. If you have had a recent imaging procedure with contrast, mention this when you schedule your appointment, and the facility will determine if you need to wait longer before your DEXA scan.
If you take prescription medications for bone health, such as bisphosphonates (medications like alendronate), continue taking these as prescribed. Do not stop or change any medications without speaking to your doctor first, even if you have heard that medication timing matters for DEXA scans.
Practical Takeaway: Continue all regular medications, but avoid taking calcium supplements within two hours before your scan. If you have had recent medical imaging with contrast dye, tell the facility when you call to schedule so they can advise on timing.
Understanding Pregnancy Concerns and Special Circumstances
If you are pregnant or believe you may be pregnant, inform your doctor and the imaging facility immediately.
This guide is general information, not professional advice. Offices and providers set their own rules, so check the details with the one you’re seeing. See our Editorial Policy.